物理学Physics

▲ 作者：SANGHYEON KIM, GI-JEONG HAN, SOO-YOON HWANG, GAHEE NOH, P. KARUNA KUMARI, KIHWAN LEE, MIN SEOP KIM, JIYONG YOON, JONG SEOK LEE, AND DAESU LEE 

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv0235

▲ 摘要：

在同一相中结合不同性质的材料具有基础研究和技术应用价值。研究者提出一种广泛适用的策略，以实现强体极性；这种极性不仅能够与其原本不相容的性质（如金属性）共存，还能协同地实现优异功能。

薄膜合成、原子尺度成像和理论计算相结合表明，A位选择性原子梯度可在原本中心对称的钙钛矿氧化物ABO3中诱导强极性态。

这些极性态以非常规方式与多种预先存在的性质共存，从而产生具有可调非互易输运的体极性金属性；等效氧化物厚度低于0.1纳米的高κ、低损耗介电性以及巨热释电性。这项工作可能促进具有不同寻常的共存与协同性质的新型多功能材料的开发。

▲ Abstract：

Materials that combine distinct properties within a single phase are of fundamental and technological interest. Here, we present a broadly applicable strategy to achieve strong bulk polarity that not only coexists with its originally incompatible properties, such as metallicity, but also synergistically enables exceptional functionalities. A combination of thin-film synthesis, atomic-scale imaging, and theoretical calculations reveals that A-site selective atomic gradients induce strong polar states in otherwise centrosymmetric perovskite oxides ABO3. These polar states unconventionally coexist with various preexisting properties, leading to bulk polar metallicity with tunable nonreciprocal transport; high-κ, low-loss dielectricity with an equivalent oxide thickness below 0.1 nanometer; and giant pyroelectricity. This work may enable the development of new multifunctional materials with unusual coexisting and synergistic properties.

▲ 作者：Q. DEPLANO, A. PONTIN, F. MARINO, AND F. MARIN

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeh1375

▲ 摘要：

宏观物体运动与光之间形成稳态纠缠，一直是量子光力学领域的长期研究目标，对量子物理基础检验以及新兴量子技术都具有重要意义。研究者报告了在光腔光镊中悬浮纳米球，实现该纳米球质心运动与电磁场之间的量子纠缠。

利用外差探测技术，研究重构出全部光力学关联，观测到机械运动与传播光模之间可分性界限被打破，证明非经典关联可以分布到相互作用区域之外。该纠缠在室温条件下即可产生，并且在很宽的参数范围内都能稳定保持。

这一结果表明，悬浮光力学系统可作为连续变量量子通信平台，也适用于宏观量子物理相关实验检验。

▲ Abstract：

Stationary entanglement between the motion of macroscopic objects and light is a long-standing goal of quantum optomechanics, with implications for both fundamental tests of quantum physics and emerging quantum technologies. We report the generation of quantum entanglement between the center-of-mass motion of a nanosphere levitated in an optical tweezer inside an optical cavity and the electromagnetic field. Using heterodyne detection, we reconstructed the full set of optomechanical correlations and observed a violation of separability bounds between the mechanical motion and a propagating optical mode, demonstrating the distribution of nonclassical correlations beyond the interaction region. The entanglement was generated at room temperature and remained robust over a broad range of parameters. Our results establish levitated optomechanical systems as a platform for continuous-variable quantum communication and for tests of macroscopic quantum physics.

生物化学和电化学Biochemistry & electricchemistry

▲ 作者：HANG CHEN, HAO YAN, CHUANGQI ZHAO, GUANGZE YANG, CHUNYI PENG, JIN HUANG, TIANYI ZHAO,, LI-DONG ZHAO, AND MINGJIE LIU 

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg1070

▲ 摘要：

提高纳米复合材料的韧性通常涉及黏弹性有机相，但这通常会降低刚度。研究者描述了成熟褶纹冠蚌珍珠层中的一种高模量增韧机制，该机制源于一种结晶有机-无机框架，该框架由文石纳米棒与片层内生物分子微晶交替整合而成。

由于临界滑移长度效应，这些结晶单元接近模量和强度的理论极限。纳米限域生物分子微晶在层间界面处充当纳米钉扎点，缓解应力集中并实现跨尺度同步变形，从而赋予高断裂韧性。

受此机制启发，由再生文石片制备的重组珍珠层同时实现了高刚度和抗裂纹性。这些见解为开发可靠的高性能结构材料提供了一条有前景的途径。

▲ Abstract：

Enhancing toughness in nanocomposites often involves viscoelastic organic phases, but this typically reduces stiffness. We describe a high-modulus toughening mechanism in mature Cristaria plicata nacre arising from a crystalline organic-inorganic framework composed of aragonite nanorods alternately integrated with intratabular biomolecular crystallites. Due to the critical slip-length effect, these crystalline units approach the theoretical limits of modulus and strength. The nanoconfined biomolecular crystallites function as nanopins at interlamellar interphases, alleviating stress concentrations and enabling cross-scale synchronized deformation, thereby conferring high fracture toughness. Inspired by this mechanism, reconstituted nacre fabricated from regenerated aragonite flakes simultaneously achieved high stiffness and crack resistance. These insights offer a promising pathway toward reliable, high-performance structural materials.

▲ 作者：WEI DU, CHUN-CHIEH YU, JIPENG XU, RUSHENG WANG, YUANCHENG JING, CHENGLAI WANG, SHUANGSHUANG CHA, TIANYU SHENG, MENGXIN QU, AND MING GONG 

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aef5175

▲ 摘要：

丙烯腈加氢二聚电合成己二腈对尼龙工业至关重要。但丙烯腈单电子还原这一关键步骤，需要使用有毒的重金属电极，且能量效率偏低。

研究者开发了一种动态多模式阳离子-电极相互作用策略，借助环境友好的碳电极实现高效合成。最优苄基三己基铵阳离子可通过阳离子苄基基团与碳电极之间的多模式非共价相互作用挤压双电层，从而在水系电解液中形成贫水界面。

从小试到159平方厘米电解槽的实验证实：该策略的选择性可与传统铅基体系相当，同时过电位显著更低。研究者强调，在高电导率水系体系中，调控以阳离子为核心的微环境，对开发可持续的工业化有机电合成具有重要意义。

▲ Abstract：

Adiponitrile electrosynthesis from acrylonitrile hydrodimerization is critical for the nylon industry. However, the key step of single-electron acrylonitrile reduction demands toxic heavy-metal electrodes and leads to low energy efficiency. We developed a dynamic multimodal cation-electrode interaction strategy to enable efficient synthesis with environmentally friendly carbon electrodes. Optimal benzyltrihexylammonium cations create a water-depleted interface in aqueous electrolytes by squeezing the electric double layer through multimodal noncovalent interactions between the benzyl moieties of the cations and carbon electrodes. This strategy achieves selectivity comparable to the standard lead-based system but at substantially lower overpotentials, as demonstrated from the laboratory scale to a 159–square centimeter electrolyzer. This work underscores the importance of tailoring cation-centered microenvironments for sustainable, industrial organic electrosynthesis in more conductive aqueous systems.

 生命科学Life science 

▲ 作者：IULIIA KARAVAEVA, ASTRID LINDE BASSE, SAMUEL A. J. TRAMMELL, MOHAMMED FAIZ HUSSAIN, LASSE KRUSE MARKUSSEN, JESPER F. HAVELUND, MARIE SOPHIE ISIDOR, ADAM CHATOFF, ANDREA ANDRESS HUACACHINO , AND ZACHARY GERHART-HINES, etc

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz4797

▲ 摘要：

脂肪细胞线粒体中的脂质代谢调控需要整合来自生物钟的每日时间信息、环境温度和营养可用性。研究者发现，转运蛋白SLC25A34在小鼠和人类棕色脂肪细胞的脂质代谢和产热调控中发挥重要作用。

来自生物钟、低温和饮食的输入均调控SLC25A34的表达，从而控制脂肪生成和线粒体生物发生、脂质氧化以及产热。这种调控可能为理解与肥胖和代谢疾病相关的炎症提供见解。

▲ Abstract：

Regulation of lipid metabolism in mitochondria of adipocytes requires integration of information about time of day from the circadian clock, environmental temperature, and nutrient availability. Karavaeva et al. found an important role for the transporter protein SLC25A34 in such control of lipid metabolism and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes from mice and humans (see the Perspective by van der Laan). Inputs from the circadian clock, cold temperatures, and diet all regulated the expression of SLC25A34, allowing control of lipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid oxidation, and thermogenesis. Such regulation may offer insights into inflammation associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. 

▲ 作者：SU-JIN KIM, HYO-EUN KIM, KI-HO CHUNG, GYUSEOK LEE, KA HYON PARK, YOUNG-GWON KIM, MANGEUN KIM, WEON-YOUNG CHOI, SOO-CHANG JOO, AND JE-HWANG RYU 

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aed8207

▲ 摘要：

骨关节炎和高血压在老年人中均很常见。传统上，骨关节炎被认为是由与年龄相关的关节磨损所致，但越来越多的证据表明代谢和炎症因素对该病症具有影响。研究者利用一项全国性纵向临床队列的数据，在老年参与者中发现了高血压与骨关节炎之间的相关性。

随后，他们转向模型以探究其潜在机制，使用两种伴或不伴骨关节炎的高血压小鼠模型。

研究者证明，精氨酸加压素（一种在高血压状态下上调的肽类激素）会促进骨关节炎进展，但仅限于那些已因损伤或衰老而处于致敏状态、且表达相应受体的关节，从而为这两种疾病之间提供了机制联系。

▲ Abstract：

Both osteoarthritis and hypertension are common in older adults. Traditionally, osteoarthritis was thought to be due to age-associated wear and tear on the joints, but accumulating evidence points to metabolic and inflammatory influences on this condition. Using data from a nationwide longitudinal clinical cohort, Kim et al. identified a correlation between hypertension and osteoarthritis in older participants (see the Perspective by Wen and Au). The authors then turned to models to work out the underlying mechanism, using two mouse models of hypertension with or without osteoarthritis. The authors demonstrated that arginine vasopressin, a peptide hormone up-regulated in the setting of hypertension, promotes osteoarthritis progression, but only in joints that are already primed by injury or aging and that express the appropriate receptor, providing a mechanistic link between the two conditions.