近日，美国斯坦福大学Matteo Cargnello团队报道了甲烷自热热解：氢气和石墨生产的可扩展热集成。相关论文于2026年9月3日发表在《科学》杂志上。

甲烷裂解（MP）为利用现有能源基础设施满足低碳氢需求提供了极具吸引力的机遇。扩大甲烷裂解规模的一个关键限制在于如何将高温热量高效输送到反应器中。

研究组表明，以氢气为燃料的自热操作能够克服这一限制，使商业相关床层直径的反应器通量提高数个数量级。同时，该方法生成的碳副产物石墨化度达到96.0%，满足石墨前驱体规格要求，并可使用低成本氧化铁催化剂从天然气中实现国内石墨生产。研究组还进一步展示了一种抑制自热操作固有直接排放的策略，将其降至接近零。基于工艺流程的生命周期评估估计，自热甲烷裂解的碳强度可低至每千克H?排放1.9至4.5千克二氧化碳当量。

附：英文原文

Title: Autothermal methane pyrolysis: Scalable heat integration for hydrogen and graphite production

Author: Henry Moise, Sebastian Moll, Shailesh Pathak, Joshua Martinez-Navarro, Sai Varanasi, Kun Xu, Eric McFarland, Arun Majumdar, Matteo Cargnello

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-03

Abstract: Methane pyrolysis (MP) offers a compelling opportunity to meet low-carbon hydrogen demand using existing energy infrastructure. A key limitation in scaling MP is the efficient delivery of high-temperature heat into the reactor. We show that hydrogen-fueled autothermal operation overcomes this limitation, enabling an increase of several orders of magnitude in the reactor throughput for commercially relevant bed diameters. It also yields a carbon coproduct of 96.0% degrees of graphitization, meeting graphite precursor specifications and enabling domestic graphite production from natural gas using low-cost iron oxide catalysts. We further demonstrate a strategy to suppress the direct emissions inherent to autothermal operation, reducing them to near zero. A process-level life cycle assessment estimates that carbon intensities for autothermal methane pyrolysis can be as low as 1.9 to 4.5 kilograms (kg) of CO2,eq per kg H2.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aed4911

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aed4911