近日，德国基尔大学Stefan Schröder团队报道了化学气相沉积聚合物薄膜中的自发极化产生大的电场。这一研究成果于2026年9月3日发表在《科学》杂志上。

在永久极化聚合物薄膜中控制表面电势，对于电子器件、传感和生物医学设备日益受到关注。传统聚合物薄膜需要外加电场或沉积后处理，这限制了精度和可扩展性。

研究组报道了一种通过引发式化学气相沉积（iCVD）聚合而成的聚合物薄膜中的自发极化现象。表面电势在薄膜生长过程中自发产生，与膜厚呈线性关系，并在环境条件下保持稳定。其大小可通过沉积参数调节，而聚合引发剂的选择决定了极性的正负。

该无溶剂、单步iCVD工艺能够在复杂几何表面和大面积上制备机械性能稳健、均匀的涂层。该研究结果为无需后处理即可获得本征极化聚合物薄膜提供了一条简单而通用的途径，为将电场直接集成到功能器件或纳米尺度表面驱动过程中开辟了新的机遇。

附：英文原文

Title: Spontaneous polarization in chemical vapor–deposited polymer films creates large electric fields

Author: Stefan Schrder, Torge Hartig, Kai Uwe Clausen, Thomas Strunskus, Franz Faupel

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-03

Abstract: Controlled surface potentials in permanently polarized polymer films are of increasing interest for electronics, sensing, and biomedical devices. Conventional polymer films require external electric fields or postdeposition treatments, limiting precision and scalability. Here, we report a spontaneous polarization in polymer thin films polymerized through initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Surface potentials emerge spontaneously during film growth, scale linearly with film thickness, and remain stable under ambient conditions. Their magnitude is tunable through deposition parameters, and polymerization initiator choice determines the polarity. The solvent-free, single-step iCVD process enables mechanically robust, uniform coatings on complex geometries and large areas. Our findings establish a simple, versatile route to intrinsically polarized polymer films without postprocessing, opening new opportunities for direct integration of electric fields into functional devices or surface-driven processes at the nanoscale.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aeg9547

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg9547