近日，美国哥伦比亚大学Sebastian Will团队报道了在偶极相互作用大范围可调的超冷分子气体中实现极端损耗抑制。相关论文于2026年9月17日发表在《科学》杂志上。

超冷偶极分子有望用于制备奇异的物质量子态，但要获得具有强偶极-偶极相互作用、长寿命的分子体样品仍颇具挑战。

研究组实验制备了碰撞稳定的超冷基态分子气体，其寿命为数秒钟。采用双微波缀饰技术，实现了对二体损耗和三体损耗的极大抑制，抑制倍数分别超过10000倍和1000倍。研究组发现，在广泛的偶极-偶极相互作用范围内，损耗仍受到抑制，据此可将偶极长度在21000至12000玻尔半径（a₀）之间连续调谐。结合近期偶极分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验成果，该研究结果为探索强偶极量子液体开辟了道路。

附：英文原文

Title: Extreme loss suppression in an ultracold molecular gas with widely tunable dipolar interactions

Author: Weijun Yuan, Siwei Zhang, Niccolò Bigagli, Haneul Kwak, Claire Warner, Tijs Karman, Ian Stevenson, Sebastian Will

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-17

Abstract: Ultracold dipolar molecules hold great promise for the creation of exotic quantum states of matter, but the realization of long-lived molecular bulk samples with strong dipole-dipole interactions has remained challenging. In this work, we realized a collisionally stable gas of ultracold ground state molecules with a lifetime of several seconds. Utilizing double-microwave dressing, we achieved an extreme suppression of inelastic two- and three-body losses by factors of more than 10,000 and 1000, respectively. We found that losses remained suppressed across a wide range of dipole-dipole interactions, allowing the continuous tuning of the dipolar length from 21,000 to 12,000 a0, where a0 is the Bohr radius. Combined with the recent realization of Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar molecules, our findings open the door to the exploration of strongly dipolar quantum liquids.

DOI: 10.1126/science.adz0521

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz0521