近日，美国西北大学Arthur N. Montanari团队报道了无序促进的稳定性。这一研究成果于2026年9月17日发表在《科学》杂志上。

此前关于网络动力学的研究认为，节点间的异质性会削弱系统稳定性，这与自然界及工程系统普遍存在固有异质性的现象相悖。

研究组表明，该结论源于为简化数学求解而采取的模型简约化处理。当节点动力学为高维形式，进而产生非厄米雅可比矩阵时，原有结论不再成立。在包括神经网络、电力网络与材料网络的这类系统中，即便参数呈随机无序分布，节点异质性也能够提升系统稳定性。

非厄米性也是网络异质性稳定效应的基础，正如生态网络所示，这种稳定效应甚至可通过非互易相互作用在一维节点动力学中产生。该研究的理论框架揭示，无序并非系统的缺陷，而是稳定复杂系统的一种普适性资源。

附：英文原文

Title: Disorder-promoted stability

Author: Arthur N. Montanari, Pietro Zanin, Adilson E. Motter

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-17

Abstract: Previous studies of network dynamics have suggested that heterogeneity among nodes inhibits stability, which is at odds with the ubiquity of inherently heterogeneous natural and engineered systems. Here, we show that this conclusion arises from model reductions introduced for mathematical tractability and breaks down when nodal dynamics are higher-dimensional, yielding non-Hermitian Jacobians. In such systems, including neural, power-grid, and material networks, nodal heterogeneity can instead enhance stability, even when parameters are randomly disordered. Non-Hermiticity also underlies the stabilizing effects of network heterogeneity, which can arise even in one-dimensional nodal dynamics through nonreciprocal interactions, as shown for ecological networks. Our framework reveals disorder not as a liability but as a general resource for stabilizing complex systems.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aeg3946

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg3946