近日，美国普林斯顿大学Jeff D. Thompson团队报道了中性原子量子比特阵列中的快速、连续且相干的原子重新装载。相关论文于2026年9月17日发表在《科学》杂志上。
中性原子量子处理器是可扩展量子计算颇具前景的平台。深度量子线路实现的一大障碍是原子损耗问题。现有方案替换损耗原子所需的时间，至少比栅极操作与测量操作高出一个数量级。
研究组基于亚稳态171Yb量子比特，实现了快速、连续的原子重新装载。计算区附近设置持续加载的原子储备库，借助光镊可按需提取原子，最高速率可达每秒500次。当包含单原子制备、非破坏性成像与态初始化时，新型随机填充量子比特阵列的初始化速率可达每秒30次。处于亚稳态的现有量子比特不会受到原子补给过程的干扰。该工作为实现深度无上限、快速且完全容错的量子线路奠定了完整基础。
附：英文原文
Title: Fast, continuous, and coherent atom reloading in a neutral-atom qubit array
Author: Yiyi Li, Yicheng Bao, Michael Peper, Chenyuan Li, Jeff D. Thompson
Issue&Volume: 2026-09-17
Abstract: Neutral-atom quantum processors are a promising platform for scalable quantum computing. An obstacle to implementing deep quantum circuits is managing atom loss. Current approaches require at least an order of magnitude longer time than gate and measurement operations to replace lost atoms. In this work, we demonstrate fast, continuous atom reloading that leverages the metastable 171Yb qubit. A continuously loaded reservoir near the computation zone enables on-demand atom extraction with tweezers up to 500 times per second. New, stochastically filled qubit arrays can be initialized 30 times per second when including single-atom preparation, nondestructive imaging, and initialization. Existing qubits in the metastable state are undisturbed by the reloading process. This work establishes a complete foundation for the implementation of fast, fully fault-tolerant quantum circuits with unlimited depth.
DOI: 10.1126/science.adz9952
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz9952