近日，英国兰卡斯特大学Leonardo S. Miranda团队报道了在生物多样性和气候方面，保护热带森林比恢复热带森林更具成本效益。该研究于2026年9月17日发表在《科学》杂志上。

停止森林砍伐和促进恢复是应对热带森林生物多样性与气候危机的核心战略。避免森林扰动也至关重要，但受到的关注少得多，而且这三种干预措施的相对成本效益尚不明确。

研究组比较了每种干预措施相关的生物多样性和碳效益及成本，基于巴西西亚马逊森林砍伐前沿的深入实地评估和高分辨率遥感，比较了观测结果与反事实结果。避免扰动类干预措施带来的效益最大，且比恢复更具成本效益，其结果在一系列效益和成本假设下均保持稳健。然而，联合干预措施带来的收益最大，并且对于扭转生物多样性和碳损失至关重要。

附：英文原文

Title: Protecting tropical forests is more cost-effective for biodiversity and climate than restoration

Author: Leonardo S. Miranda, James R. Thomson, Joice Ferreira, Toby A. Gardner, Erika Berenguer, Alexander C. Lees, Ralph Mac Nally, Luiz E. O. C. Arago, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Silvio F. B. Ferraz, Rachael D. Garrett, Paulo G. Molin, Nárgila G. Moura, Samia S. Nunes, Luke Parry, Juliana M. Silveira, Ima C. G. Vieira, Cecilia Viana, Jos Barlow

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-17

Abstract: Halting deforestation and promoting restoration are at the core of strategies to confront the biodiversity and climate crises in tropical forests. Avoiding forest disturbances is also critically important but has received far less attention, and there is a lack of clarity about the relative cost-effectiveness of these three interventions. We compare the biodiversity and carbon benefits and costs associated with each intervention, comparing observed and counterfactual outcomes based on in-depth field assessments and high-resolution remote sensing in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation frontier. Avoidance interventions delivered the greatest benefits and were more cost-effective than restoration, with results being robust to a range of benefit and cost assumptions. However, combined interventions delivered the greatest gains and were essential to reverse biodiversity and carbon losses.

DOI: 10.1126/science.adx9928

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx9928