近日，德国马克斯·普朗克微结构物理研究所Xinliang Feng团队报道了有机二维范德华异质结构。相关论文于2026年9月23日发表在《自然》杂志上。

基于石墨烯和无机二维（2D）晶体的范德华异质结构能够实现对层间耦合以及涌现的电子和光学现象的精细调控。将这一概念拓展至有机二维晶体一直受到弱且非定向的层间相互作用的阻碍，这些相互作用妨碍了晶格配准。

研究组提出了一种自下而上的策略，用于二维聚合物有机范德华异质结构中的可编程晶格工程。通过在水表面进行顺序组装，可实现化学上不同的二维聚合物的逐层堆叠，并具有确定的晶格配准、堆叠顺序和厚度，从而得到晶格匹配以及可控晶格失配的异质结构。结构表征显示，在晶格匹配和小失配体系中存在共格外延，而大失配界面则表现出莫尔特征和应变释放畸变。

超快光谱表明存在高效的界面电荷分离，第一性原理计算则揭示了由界面偶极排列引起的内建电场和界面电势阶跃。器件表现出超过10⁷的类二极管整流比，且该整流比随晶格失配增加而系统性降低，从而确立了有机二维聚合物范德华异质结构作为一种用于（光）电子和量子现象的晶格工程平台。

附：英文原文

Title: Organic two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures

Author: Prasoon, Anupam, Nguyen, Nguyen Ngan, Hambsch, Mike, Singhvi, Puja, Terres, Sophia, Xiao, Zijie, Goyal, Naveen, Qi, Haoyuan, Mcke, David, Auras, Florian, Wang, Zhiyong, Chung, Sein, Poloij, Miroslav, Wang, Hai I., Cho, Kilwon, Kaiser, Ute, Chernikov, Alexey, Bonn, Mischa, Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B., Heine, Thomas, Feng, Xinliang

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-23

Abstract: Van der Waals heterostructures based on graphene and inorganic two-dimensional (2D) crystals enable exquisite control of interlayer coupling, and emergent electronic and optical phenomena1,2. Extending this concept to organic 2D crystals has been hindered by weak, non-directional interlayer interactions that frustrate lattice registry. Here we introduce a bottom-up strategy for programmable lattice engineering in organic van der Waals heterostructures of 2D polymers. Sequential on-water-surface assembly enables layer-by-layer stacking of chemically distinct 2D polymers with defined lattice registry, stacking sequence and thickness, yielding both lattice-matched and controlled lattice-mismatched heterostructures. Structural characterization reveals commensurate epitaxy in lattice-matched and small-mismatched systems, whereas large-mismatch interfaces exhibit moiré features and strain-relief distortions. Ultrafast spectroscopy demonstrates efficient interfacial charge separation and first-principles calculations reveal built-in electric fields and interfacial potential steps arising from interfacial dipole alignment. Devices exhibit diode-like rectification ratios exceeding 107 that systematically decrease with increasing lattice mismatch, establishing organic 2D polymer van der Waals heterostructures as a lattice-engineered platform for (opto)electronic and quantum phenomena.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11074-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11074-6