近日，北京大学王学军团队报道了水文气候驱动的脉冲富集放大了发展中国家的河流微塑料出口。相关论文发表在2026年9月10日出版的《科学》杂志上。

河流是全球微塑料循环中的关键通道，但它们向海洋输出多少微塑料以及什么控制着这种输出，仍未得到解决。

研究组提出了一个全球河流微塑料浓度和输出量的每日数据集，并发现河流向海洋输送的微塑料远多于大多数先前估计。这些输出中有96%源自全球南方，其中东南亚和东亚贡献了总通量的50%以上。此外，全球约70%的淡水径流表现出“脉冲富集”，即降雨驱动的高流量引发微塑料浓度和通量的峰值；这些情况中有80%发生在发展中国家。如果不在上游对塑料生产和废物管理实施更强控制，气候驱动的极端降雨增加可能会加剧这些脉冲，从而恶化海洋微塑料污染。

附：英文原文

Title: Hydroclimatic-driven pulse enrichment amplifies riverine microplastic export in developing countries

Author: Hehao Qin, Maodian Liu, Yanxu Zhang, Qianru Zhang, Changhao Xiao, Chengzhen Zhou, Xingrui Cai, Xinran Qiu, Xuejun Wang

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-10

Abstract: Rivers are key conduits in the global microplastic cycle, but how much they export to ` ocean and what controls this export remain unresolved. Here, we present a global daily dataset of riverine microplastic concentrations and exports and find that rivers delivered far more microplastics to the ocean than most previous estimates suggest. Ninety-six percent of this export originated in the Global South, with Southeast and East Asia contributing >50% of the total flux. Furthermore, ~70% of global freshwater discharge exhibits “pulse enrichment,” whereby rainfall-driven high flows trigger spikes in microplastic concentrations and fluxes; 80% of these cases occur in developing countries. Without stronger upstream controls on plastic production and waste management, climate-driven increases in extreme rainfall may intensify these pulses, worsening marine microplastic pollution.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aeb4487

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeb4487