近日，美国麻省理工学院Yogesh Surendranath团队报道了阳极钯膜H₂萃取促进热化学脱氢。相关论文发表在2026年9月9日出版的《自然》杂志上。

脱氢反应是燃料加工、化学合成以及氢储存与运输的基础。许多脱氢反应为吸热反应，并受到H₂的动力学抑制，导致在中等温度下单程产率较低。通过将催化剂与氢选择性膜集成，可促进这些反应；该膜依赖H₂分压差来驱动原位除氢。然而，这种方法通常导致氢通量有限、机械稳定性降低以及回收氢分压较低。

研究组将氢选择性钯基膜用作具有析氢阴极的熔融氢氧化物电化学电池的阳极。该构造可在脱氢温度下、无需压力差而实现电化学驱动的H₂分离。研究组证明，相对于可逆氢电极低于0.3 V的低阳极电位足以驱动扩散限制的H跨膜传输。与压力驱动过程相比，该方法在300 °C下使氢分离速率提高4倍，同时将H₂从0.05 atm（Ar平衡）富集为纯1.0 atm H₂气流。将阳极与脱氢催化剂结合，可使氨和甲基环己烷在250 °C下的转化率分别高达91%和94%。这项工作为电化学辅助除氢以增强选定脱氢反应提供了概念验证。

附：英文原文

Title: Anodic Pd membrane H2 extraction enhances thermochemical dehydrogenation

Author: Zeng, Rui, Ufert, Julian, Tang, Bryan Y., Bisbey, Ryan P., Surendranath, Yogesh

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-09

Abstract: Dehydrogenation reactions underpin fuel processing1, chemical synthesis2 and hydrogen storage and transport3. Many are endothermic and kinetically inhibited by H2, leading to low single-pass yields at moderate temperatures4. These reactions can be promoted by integrating the catalyst with a hydrogen-selective membrane, which relies on an H2 partial pressure differential to drive in situ hydrogen removal5. However, this approach often results in limited hydrogen flux, reduced mechanical stability and low recovered hydrogen partial pressures6. Here we use a hydrogen-selective Pd-based membrane as the anode of a molten-hydroxide electrochemical cell with a hydrogen-evolving cathode. This construct enables electrochemically driven H2 separation at dehydrogenation temperatures without a pressure differential. We demonstrate that low anode potentials of <0.3V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode are sufficient to drive diffusion-limited H transport across the membrane. Compared with pressure-driven processes, this approach enables a 4-fold enhancement in the hydrogen separation rate at 300°C, while enriching H2 from 0.05atm (balance Ar) to a pure 1.0atm H2 stream. Interfacing the anode with a dehydrogenation catalyst enables the conversion of ammonia and methylcyclohexane at 250°C up to 91% and 94%, respectively. This work provides a proof-of-concept demonstration for electrochemically assisted hydrogen removal to enhance selected dehydrogenation reactions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11008-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11008-2