2026年9月10日，美国哈佛医学院Simon Jenni等科学家在《科学》（Science）发表研究，揭示了轮状病毒细胞进入过程中膜穿孔的机制。

无包膜动物病毒的细胞进入需要一个大分子组装体跨细胞膜易位。双链RNA病毒向靶细胞引入一个不会再脱壳的内层衣壳颗粒。相反，它依靠其内部的聚合酶和加帽活性挤出带帽的病毒mRNA。如本文所述，研究人员利用冷冻电子断层扫描可视化了恒河猴轮状病毒进入的全过程，从细胞附着、病毒粒子摄取到亚病毒颗粒释放。冷冻断层图像和对分类亚颗粒的亚断层平均，将病毒粒子及其组分的高分辨率结构与活细胞荧光显微镜的时间序列联系起来。研究人员概述了进入过程每个步骤的机制，包括将亚病毒颗粒转移至细胞质中的膜穿孔步骤。

附：英文原文：

Title: Mechanism of membrane perforation in rotavirus cell entry

Author: Marilina de Sautu, Conny Leistner, Tomas Kirchhausen, Simon Jenni, Stephen C. Harrison

Issue&Volume: 2026-09-10

Abstract: Cell entry of nonenveloped animal viruses requires translocation of a macromolecular assembly across a cellular membrane. Double-stranded RNA viruses introduce into the target cell an inner capsid particle that does not uncoat further. Instead, it extrudes capped viral mRNA by virtue of polymerase and capping activities within it. As described here, we used cryogenic electron tomography to visualize the full course of rhesus rotavirus entry, from cell attachment and virion uptake to release of the subviral particle. The cryo-tomograms and subtomogram averaging of classified subparticles link high-resolution structures of the virion and its components with time series from live-cell fluorescence microscopy. We outline the mechanism of each step in the entry process, including the membrane perforation step that transfers a subviral particle into the cytosol.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aeg4851

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg4851