近日，北京大学Yulin Chi团队报道了双光子芯片上的高维量子W态与格林伯格-霍恩-蔡林格（GHZ）态。2026年8月5日出版的《光：科学与应用》杂志发表了这项成果。

高维量子纠缠态具有独特的性质。尽管已经研究了高维量子贝尔态、格林伯格 - 霍恩 - 蔡林格（GHZ）态、簇态这类拓展态开展研究等推广形式，但高维量子W态仍鲜有探索。

研究组发现，高维量子迪克态的叠加态可作为W态的高维推广形式，展现出其对高维量子态丢失更强的鲁棒性，并提出了用于其生成的线性可扩展量子电路。利用可编程硅光子纠缠发生器，研究组首先在理论上和实验上演示了使用两个光子和一个辅助四维量子生成3-四维量子GHZ态和W态，保真度分别为0.932 ± 0.009和0.901 ± 0.012。证实了GHZ态的真正多体纠缠性以及W态增强的鲁棒性。该发现为基于高维量子的量子科学与技术提供了新的见解和高效途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Qudit W and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states on a two-photon chip

Author: Chi, Yulin, Ding, Haiyu, Wang, Fei, Pan, Chengkang, Shao, Chunju

Issue&Volume: 2026-08-05

Abstract: High-dimensional quantum entangled states exhibit unique properties. While generalizations like qudit Bell, Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ), and Cluster states have been studied, the qudit W states remain underexplored. We discover that a superposition of qudit Dicke states can serve as high-dimensional generalizations of W states, demonstrating their enhanced robustness against qudit loss, and present linearly scalable quantum circuits for their generation. Using a programmable silicon-photonic entanglement generator, we first theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the generation of 3-ququart GHZ and W states using two photons and one ancillary ququart, with fidelities of 0.932 ± 0.009 and 0.901 ± 0.012, respectively. Genuine multipartite entanglement of the GHZ state and the improved resilience of the W state are confirmed. Our findings provide new insights and efficient approaches for qudit-based quantum science and technologies.

DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02285-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-026-02285-7