近日，新加坡国立大学侯毅团队报道了通过甲脒共晶热实现蒸发钙钛矿/硅串联。这一研究成果于2026年8月5日发表在《自然》杂志上。

溶液加工法仍是制备高性能钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池的主要途径，但要同时实现工业可扩展性和长期可靠性仍面临挑战。热蒸发在工业上更具可行性，但尚未在大面积钙钛矿/硅叠层中得到成功验证，这主要是因为碘化甲脒（FAI）在高温蒸发过程中会发生热降解。

研究组合成了一种基于甲脒的共晶材料（Eu），可将FAI的有效蒸发温度平均降低36 °C，使其低于降解阈值，从而实现FAI的稳定蒸发，避免热降解。因此，所蒸发的钙钛矿薄膜展现出增强的结晶性和原子尺度的成分均匀性。采用顺序蒸发工艺制备的钙钛矿/硅叠层电池在1 cm²面积上实现了31.5%的稳态效率。

得益于蒸发的均匀性，研究组进一步展示了首个在商用半切G12晶圆上通过热蒸发制备的大面积钙钛矿/硅叠层电池，其在200 cm²面积上实现了30.0%的稳态效率。将器件面积从1 cm²扩大到200 cm²，效率相对损失仅为3.99%，这是目前已报道的钙钛矿基叠层电池中面积扩大效率损失的最低值。基于Eu的叠层电池在湿热老化（85 °C/85%相对湿度）2000小时后仍保持初始效率的95%，并在实际户外运行两个月后功率损失可忽略不计。

附：英文原文

Title: Thermally evaporated perovskite/silicon tandems via formamidinium eutectic

Author: Luo, Chao, He, Rui, Ran, Luo, Hu, Jingcong, Wang, Yuduan, Shi, Yu, Mo, Yi, Yan, Cheng, Yao, Yuxin, Zhu, Zihao, Kan, Chenxia, Du, Xinyi, Lee, Ling Kai, Zhou, Qilin, Li, Nengxu, Niu, Xiuxiu, Pei, Fengtao, Lin, Ming, Wang, Xi, Chen, Jinxi, Jia, Zhenrong, Wang, Tao, Dong, Zijing, Guo, Xiao, Xin, Meng, Zhang, Xinyu, Jiang, Yuhui, Gao, Peng, Wang, Keli, Ma, Yabin, Guan, Zhen, Wei, Jing, Bai, Sai, Chen, Yu, Yin, Wan-Jian, Zhao, Qing, Xie, Zhigang, Zhang, Xueling, Chen, Yifeng, Gao, Jifan, Hou, Yi

Issue&Volume: 2026-08-05

Abstract: Solution processing remains the dominant route to high-performance perovskite/silicon tandems, but it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve industrial scalability and long-term reliability.1-3 Thermal evaporation is more industrially viable, yet it has not been successfully demonstrated for large-area perovskite/Si tandems, largely due to the thermal degradation of formamidinium iodide (FAI) during high-temperature evaporation. Here, we synthesize a formamidinium-based eutectic (Eu) that lowers the effective evaporation temperature of FAI by an average of 36 °C - below its degradation threshold - thereby enabling stable FAI evaporation without thermal degradation. As a result, the evaporated perovskite films exhibit enhanced crystallinity and atomic-scale compositional homogeneity. Sequentially evaporated perovskite/Si tandems achieve a steady-state efficiency of 31.5% (1 cm2). Benefiting from the uniformity of evaporation, we further demonstrate the first thermally evaporated large-area perovskite/Si tandem on a commercial half-cut G12 wafer, delivering a steady-state efficiency of 30.0% (200 cm2). Scaling the device area from 1 to 200 cm2 incurs only a 3.99% relative efficiency loss, representing the lowest reported efficiency penalty for area scaling in perovskite-based tandems. The Eu-based tandem retains 95% of its initial efficiency after 2000 hours of damp-heat aging (85 °C/85% RH) and exhibits negligible power loss after two months of real-world outdoor operation.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10970-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10970-1