尽管很多工作都描述了迁徙路线，但该课题组对决定非繁殖区的因素知之甚少。该课题组人员跟踪了斑姬鹟（Ficedula hypoleuca）的整个繁殖范围，并确定了特定种群的非繁殖区。通过在荷兰和瑞典之间进行的卵子易位实验，课题组人员发现遗传和出生环境都决定了非繁殖区域。从基因上讲，在瑞典孵化的荷兰鸟有介于瑞典和荷兰种群之间的非繁殖区。尽管迁徙路线和非繁殖地的遗传基础可能会阻碍对不断变化的世界的快速适应，但分散个体可以创造新的繁殖地-非繁殖地组合。
据悉，候鸟连接着世界各地的生态系统，通常在繁殖区和非繁殖区之间表现出连通性，这意味着个体的非繁殖区（“越冬”）离同一繁殖区的其他种群很近。
附：英文原文
Title: Innate factors and ontogeny determine nonbreeding areas of migrant songbirds
Author: K.P. Lamers, J. Ouwehand, R. Ubels, M. Nicolaus, C. Camacho, J. Potti, F. Bell, M. Burgess, H.M. Lampe, J.. Nilsson, A. Kerimov, T. Ilyina, E. Belskii, V.G. Grinkov, H. Sternberg, C. Both
Issue&Volume: 2026-06-25
Abstract: Migratory birds connect ecosystems worldwide and often show connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding areas, meaning that individuals have nonbreeding (“wintering”) locations close to others from the same breeding population. Although much work has characterized migration routes, we know little about what determines nonbreeding areas. We tracked pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) from their entire breeding range and identified population-specific nonbreeding areas. Using an egg translocation experiment between the Netherlands and Sweden, we show that both inheritance and natal environment determine nonbreeding areas. Genetically Dutch birds that hatched in Sweden had nonbreeding areas intermediate between Swedish and Dutch populations. Although an inherited basis for migratory routes and nonbreeding areas may hamper rapid adaptation to a changing world, dispersing individuals can create new breeding–nonbreeding site combinations.
DOI: ads0532
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads0532